The critical milestones for children ages 2 to 5 yr are the emergence of language
Preschool children know that they can do more than ever before, but also their world will begin to open them as adult world with their own limited abilities.
Their interactions with family and those around them will help to shape their personality and their own ways.
Physical Development
Increases of ~2 kg (4-5 lb) in weight and 7-8 cm (2-3 in) in height per yr are expected. Birthweight quadruples by 2½ yr of age. An average 4 yr old weighs 40 lb and is 40 in tall. The head will grow only an additional 5 cm between ages 3 and 18 yr.
Somatic and brain growth slows by the end of the 2nd yr of life
There will be decreases in nutritional requirements and appetite, and the emergence of “picky” eating habits and children will be at increased risk for adult obesity.
Most children walk with a mature gait and run steadily before the end of their 3rd yr, they will do stylistic features of gross motor activity
Handedness is usually established by the 3rd yr
During this period, they will control bowel and bladder so, they will use toilet independently . Girls tend to train faster and earlier than boys. Bed-wetting is normal up to age 4 yr in girls and age 5 yr in boys.
Implications for Parents
Parents must concern about nutrition, because of the decrease in appetite at this age may cause. Provide an eating shedule will determine that the child’s intake is adequate.
Injury risk is increasing during this period, so evaluate precautions for safe personal activities.